diff --git a/src/controllers/nostr/relay.ts b/src/controllers/nostr/relay.ts
index 74bd8a56..93ffb199 100644
--- a/src/controllers/nostr/relay.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/nostr/relay.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Stickynotes } from '@soapbox/stickynotes';
-import TTLCache from '@isaacs/ttlcache';
 import {
+  NKinds,
   NostrClientCLOSE,
   NostrClientCOUNT,
   NostrClientEVENT,
@@ -19,14 +19,27 @@ import { RelayError } from '@/RelayError.ts';
 import { Storages } from '@/storages.ts';
 import { Time } from '@/utils/time.ts';
 import { purifyEvent } from '@/utils/purify.ts';
+import { MemoryRateLimiter } from '@/utils/ratelimiter/MemoryRateLimiter.ts';
+import { MultiRateLimiter } from '@/utils/ratelimiter/MultiRateLimiter.ts';
+import { RateLimiter } from '@/utils/ratelimiter/types.ts';
 
 /** Limit of initial events returned for a subscription. */
 const FILTER_LIMIT = 100;
 
-const LIMITER_WINDOW = Time.minutes(1);
-const LIMITER_LIMIT = 300;
-
-const limiter = new TTLCache<string, number>();
+const limiters = {
+  msg: new MemoryRateLimiter({ limit: 300, window: Time.minutes(1) }),
+  req: new MultiRateLimiter([
+    new MemoryRateLimiter({ limit: 15, window: Time.seconds(5) }),
+    new MemoryRateLimiter({ limit: 300, window: Time.minutes(5) }),
+    new MemoryRateLimiter({ limit: 1000, window: Time.hours(1) }),
+  ]),
+  event: new MultiRateLimiter([
+    new MemoryRateLimiter({ limit: 10, window: Time.seconds(10) }),
+    new MemoryRateLimiter({ limit: 100, window: Time.hours(1) }),
+    new MemoryRateLimiter({ limit: 500, window: Time.days(1) }),
+  ]),
+  ephemeral: new MemoryRateLimiter({ limit: 30, window: Time.seconds(10) }),
+};
 
 /** Connections for metrics purposes. */
 const connections = new Set<WebSocket>();
@@ -43,15 +56,7 @@ function connectStream(socket: WebSocket, ip: string | undefined) {
   };
 
   socket.onmessage = (e) => {
-    if (ip) {
-      const count = limiter.get(ip) ?? 0;
-      limiter.set(ip, count + 1, { ttl: LIMITER_WINDOW });
-
-      if (count > LIMITER_LIMIT) {
-        socket.close(1008, 'Rate limit exceeded');
-        return;
-      }
-    }
+    assertRateLimit(limiters.msg);
 
     if (typeof e.data !== 'string') {
       socket.close(1003, 'Invalid message');
@@ -77,6 +82,18 @@ function connectStream(socket: WebSocket, ip: string | undefined) {
     }
   };
 
+  function assertRateLimit(limiter: Pick<RateLimiter, 'client'>): void {
+    if (ip) {
+      const client = limiter.client(ip);
+      try {
+        client.hit();
+      } catch (error) {
+        socket.close(1008, 'Rate limit exceeded');
+        throw error;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   /** Handle client message. */
   function handleMsg(msg: NostrClientMsg) {
     switch (msg[0]) {
@@ -97,6 +114,8 @@ function connectStream(socket: WebSocket, ip: string | undefined) {
 
   /** Handle REQ. Start a subscription. */
   async function handleReq([_, subId, ...filters]: NostrClientREQ): Promise<void> {
+    assertRateLimit(limiters.req);
+
     const controller = new AbortController();
     controllers.get(subId)?.abort();
     controllers.set(subId, controller);
@@ -136,6 +155,13 @@ function connectStream(socket: WebSocket, ip: string | undefined) {
   /** Handle EVENT. Store the event. */
   async function handleEvent([_, event]: NostrClientEVENT): Promise<void> {
     relayEventsCounter.inc({ kind: event.kind.toString() });
+
+    if (NKinds.ephemeral(event.kind)) {
+      assertRateLimit(limiters.ephemeral);
+    } else {
+      assertRateLimit(limiters.event);
+    }
+
     try {
       // This will store it (if eligible) and run other side-effects.
       await pipeline.handleEvent(purifyEvent(event), { source: 'relay', signal: AbortSignal.timeout(1000) });
@@ -161,6 +187,7 @@ function connectStream(socket: WebSocket, ip: string | undefined) {
 
   /** Handle COUNT. Return the number of events matching the filters. */
   async function handleCount([_, subId, ...filters]: NostrClientCOUNT): Promise<void> {
+    assertRateLimit(limiters.req);
     const store = await Storages.db();
     const { count } = await store.count(filters, { timeout: Conf.db.timeouts.relay });
     send(['COUNT', subId, { count, approximate: false }]);
@@ -188,8 +215,11 @@ const relayController: AppController = (c, next) => {
 
   const ip = c.req.header('x-real-ip');
   if (ip) {
-    const count = limiter.get(ip) ?? 0;
-    if (count > LIMITER_LIMIT) {
+    const remaining = Object
+      .values(limiters)
+      .reduce((acc, limiter) => Math.min(acc, limiter.client(ip).remaining), Infinity);
+
+    if (remaining < 0) {
       return c.json({ error: 'Rate limit exceeded' }, 429);
     }
   }