diff --git a/src/controllers/nostr/relay.ts b/src/controllers/nostr/relay.ts
index 4d8ab2cb..f124360e 100644
--- a/src/controllers/nostr/relay.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/nostr/relay.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import TTLCache from '@isaacs/ttlcache';
 import {
   NostrClientCLOSE,
   NostrClientCOUNT,
@@ -14,12 +15,18 @@ import { relayConnectionsGauge, relayEventCounter, relayMessageCounter } from '@
 import * as pipeline from '@/pipeline.ts';
 import { RelayError } from '@/RelayError.ts';
 import { Storages } from '@/storages.ts';
+import { Time } from '@/utils/time.ts';
 
 /** Limit of initial events returned for a subscription. */
 const FILTER_LIMIT = 100;
 
+const LIMITER_WINDOW = Time.minutes(1);
+const LIMITER_LIMIT = 300;
+
+const limiter = new TTLCache<string, number>();
+
 /** Set up the Websocket connection. */
-function connectStream(socket: WebSocket) {
+function connectStream(socket: WebSocket, ip: string | undefined) {
   const controllers = new Map<string, AbortController>();
 
   socket.onopen = () => {
@@ -27,6 +34,21 @@ function connectStream(socket: WebSocket) {
   };
 
   socket.onmessage = (e) => {
+    if (ip) {
+      const count = limiter.get(ip) ?? 0;
+      limiter.set(ip, count + 1, { ttl: LIMITER_WINDOW });
+
+      if (count > LIMITER_LIMIT) {
+        socket.close(1008, 'Rate limit exceeded');
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (typeof e.data !== 'string') {
+      socket.close(1003, 'Invalid message');
+      return;
+    }
+
     const result = n.json().pipe(n.clientMsg()).safeParse(e.data);
     if (result.success) {
       relayMessageCounter.inc({ verb: result.data[0] });
@@ -152,8 +174,16 @@ const relayController: AppController = (c, next) => {
     return c.text('Please use a Nostr client to connect.', 400);
   }
 
+  const ip = c.req.header('x-real-ip');
+  if (ip) {
+    const count = limiter.get(ip) ?? 0;
+    if (count > LIMITER_LIMIT) {
+      return c.json({ error: 'Rate limit exceeded' }, 429);
+    }
+  }
+
   const { socket, response } = Deno.upgradeWebSocket(c.req.raw, { idleTimeout: 30 });
-  connectStream(socket);
+  connectStream(socket, ip);
 
   return response;
 };